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SYLLABUS
GUIDE FOR YEAR 2009
SYLLABUS
OF FIRST PROFESSIONAL M.B.B.S.
PART-I
SYLLABUS OF FIRST PROFESSIONAL M.B.B.S.
PART-II
SYLLABUS OF SECOND PROFESSIONAL M.B.B.S.
SYLLABUS OF THIRD PROFESSIONAL M.B.B.S.
SYLLABUS OF FOURTH PROFESSIONAL M.B.B.S.
SYLLABUS OF FOURTH PROFESSIONAL M.B.B.S.
(A)
SURGERY
Distribution of Subjects:
Paper I:
General Surgery, Surgical
Anatomy, Principles of Anaesthesia,
Principles
of Radiology, Principles of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy.
Paper II:
Systematic and Operative
Surgery:
Musculoskeletal system, GIT,
Renal
system, Male and female reproductive system, Head and Neck, Thorax,
Breast,
Nervous system, Cardiovascular System, Orthopaedics and
Traumatology.
The course
outline is as follows :
Systems
and the Diseases:
Head,
Face and Neck
1.
Developmental abnormalities of face, palate, lips.
2.
Principles of management of head injuries and its
complications.
3. Oral
cavity including tongue.
4.
Diseases of salivary glands (Inflammation, Calculus,
Tumours)
5. Neck
lumps including lymph nodes, thyroid and parathyroid
Breast
1.
Diseases of the breast, nipple and areola
2. Benign
and malignant tumours.
Chest
Wall & Thorax
1. Blunt &
penetrating injuries and their complications.
2. Lung
abscess and empyema thoracis.
3. Tumors
and cysts in the lungs.
Gastro
Intestinal Tract
1.
Diseases causing oesophageal obstruction.
2. Peptic
ulcer disease & its complications.
3. Tumours
of stomach.
4.
Conditions causing acute abdomen.
5.
Conditions causing chronic abdomen including
malignant
lesions of small and large bowel
6. Ano-rectal
and peri-anal conditions requiring surgery.
Abdominal, Pelvic and Genital Trauma and Hernia.
1.
Principles in management of abdominal pelvic and
urogenital
trauma.
2.
Inguinal/ Inguinoscrotal and femoral hernia.
3.
Epigastric hernia/umbilical/ para-umblical hernia.
4.
Incisional hernia.
Liver
1. Trauma.
2.
Obstructive jaundice.
3. Liver
abscess.
4. Hydatid
cyst.
5.
Malignancy (Hepatoma & secondaries).
Gall
Bladder
1. Acute
and chronic cholecystitis.
2.
Cholelithiasis and its complications.
3. Tumours
Pancreas
1. Acute,
relapsing and chronic pancreatitis.
2.
Pancreatic masses including cysts
3. Benign
and malignant neoplasia.
Spleen
1. Trauma
2.
Surgical aspects of spleen
Urinary
Tract
1. Common
congenital anomalies.
2.
Infection & its sequelae.
3.
Calculus disease and its sequelae.
4. Bladder
lesions.
5.
Enlarged prostate.
6.
Urogenital trauma.
7.
Neoplasms of kidney and urinary tract.
External Genitalia, Male and Female
1.
Developmental abnormalities.
2. Common
pelvic conditions
Scrotal
and testicular lesions
1. Scrotal
swelling.
2.
Testicular swelling.
Skin &
Soft Tissues
1. Common
benign and malignant skin lesions.
2.
Wounds/ulcers/abscesses/sinuses/fistulae.
3. Soft
tissue lumps.
Orthopaedics and Trauma
1. Common
congenital malformations of locomotive
system.
2. Bone
fractures & their complications.
3. Sports
injuries and afflictions of tendons and bursae.
4. Bone
and joint infections.
5.
Arthritis.
6. Bone
and cartilage tumours.
7. Spinal
trauma.
8. Spinal
tumours.
9. Common
spinal deformities and other surgically
correctable lesions.
Vascular and Nerve Disorders
1.
Vascular afflictions and limb ischaemia.
2.
Varicosities
3. Deep
venous thrombosis.
4.
Peripheral nerve injuries
Essential Skills to be acquired
1. Provide
First Aid: Resuscitation (ABC) of polytrauma, CPR.
2. Collect
samples of blood, urine, stool, sputum, pus swab etc.
3. Insert
Naso-gastric tube, have observed chest intubation and
paracentesis.
4. Do IV
cannulation, have observed CV-line insertion and cut- down of
veins.
5.
Catheterize male and female patients.
6. Prepare
the patient for and know the procedure of doing X-Ray chest,
abdomen,
KUB, bones, IVU, barium studies, ultrasound and other
imaging
investigations.
7.
Principles of pre-operative preparations, sterilization/disinfection
techniques.
8.
Principles of wound care, skin suturing and suture removal, incision
and
drainage of superficial abscesses, excision of small soft
tissue
lumps, needle biopsies, aspiration of localized fluids, etc.
9. Have
observed common surgical procedures, treatment of fracture/
dislocation and methods of general / local anaesthesia.
10. Apply
bandage and splint/pop cast to the patient’s limbs.
11. Have
observed instillation of chemotherapy and principles of
radiotherapy.
(I)
ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY & TRAUMATOLOGY
The course
outline is as follows :
a. Necessary Applied Basic Sciences With Reference To Orthopaedics:
·
Pathophysiology of trauma and shock.
·
Mechanical properties of bone & soft tissue.
·
Biomechanics of fracture.
·
Healing & repair (bone & soft tissues).
·
Healing principles of fracture.
·
Principles of physiotherapy
·
Orthotics – orthopaedic appliances to support and
correct
deformities
·
Prosthesis – artificial substitute for missing body parts.
b.
Systems and Diseases
1: Congenital & Development Diseases;
Congenital talipes equino
varus (CTEV)
and talipes valgus; congenital dislocation of hip
(CDH);
flat foot; Perth’s disease; Slipped Capital Femoral
Epiphysis.
Specific required skills
·
Clinical examination and x-ray interpretation of above
mentioned
diseases
·
Observe the manipulation/application of POP cast for CTEV,
pelvic
harness, Von Rosen splint, hip spica.
2: Bone
dysplasia (defect intrinsic to bone)
·
Dwarf- Achondroplasia
3: Bone
and joint infections
·
Acute osteomyelitis and septic arthritis.
·
Chronic osteomyelitis.
·
Tuberculous arthritis/Caries spine.
·
Osteolysis/bone cyst, sequestrum, periosteal reaction
Specific required skills
·
Clinical examination for above mentioned diseases
·
Interpretation of related x-ray and laboratory reports
·
Observe or assist in joint aspiration, curettage and sequestrectomy,
drainage
of abscess etc.
4:
Metabolic Bone diseases
·
Rickets; osteomalacia; osteoporosis; hyperparathyroidism;
diabetes.
Specific required skills
·
Interpretation of related X-rays
·
Interpretation of laboratory reports of serum Ca, PO4, Alk.
phosphatase, parathormone.
·
Management of diabetes with relation to injury /surgical
procedure
and infections.
5:
Neuromuscular disorders
·
Muscular dystrophies e.g. Duchenne type and Becker’s
type;
spina bifida; cerebral palsy.
·
Post-polio paralysis (PPP); neurofibromatosis
Specific required skills
·
Clinical examination of sensations, deep tendon jerks,
muscle
power and tone clonus.
·
Management suggesting and explaining of orthosis, walking
aids
(walking stick, crutches, walkers), wheel chairs.
6: Bone
Tumours
a. Benign
Exostosis/multiple
hereditary exostosis/enchondroma, fibroma,
lipoma,
neuroma, osteoid osteoma, giant cell tumour.
B.
Malignant
Osteogenic
sarcoma, Ewings sarcoma, chondrosarcoma,
multiple
myeloma, metastatic bone tumors from thyroid, lungs,
kidney,
breast and prostate.
c.
Principles, indications, techniques and orthotics related to
amputation.
Specific Required Skills
·
Observe biopsy – needle and open.
· Observe
amputation/limb salvage surgery –
7: Neck
Pain, Low Back Pain and Sciatica
·
Deformities of scoliosis, kyphosis.
·
Spinal injury, soft tissue injuries (sprains, strains etc.)
·
Fractures (stable, unstable), neurological damage
(partial,
complete) paraplegia.
Specific Required Skills
·
Examination and basic management.
·
Application of cervical collar, cervical traction, lumbosacral
corset.
·
Observe internal fixation of spinal fracture
·
Log rolling, prevention of bed sores, bladder care/catheter care
and
rehabilitation.
8:
Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Painful Disorders
·
Rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis.
·
Gout; frozen shoulder; tennis elbow, plantar fasciitis, trigger
finger, de
Quervains disease.
Specific Required Skills
·
Clinical examination of patients with arthritis (differentiate
on x-ray)
·
Interpretation of related investigations; x-rays and laboratory.
·
Management; prescription writing for arthritis and painful
muscle
disorders.
9: Soft
Tissue Injuries
·
Sprains/ruptures of muscles, ligaments, tendons; nerve
injuries.
·
Arterial injuries clean/contaminated wounds.
10:
Fractures
·
Basic and advanced trauma life support
·
Triage of injured patients in emergency room,
·
Principles of fracture classification
·
Principals of fracture treatment in children.
·
Principals of fracture fixation
·
Management of common orthopaedic emergencies.
·
Mal-united fractures; non-unions.
Specific Required Skills
·
Examination; clinical examination of injured patient; record BP,
pulse
rate, respiratory rate peripheral pulses and capillary
filling;
recognition of associated injuries/complications
e.g.
Vascular, neurological, vascular compartment syndrome etc.
·
Investigations; request and interpret urine and blood
examination in trauma patient (CBC, ESR, blood urea and
sugar etc;
interpret x-ray of limbs with fractures and
dislocations;
·
Catheterize male and female patients.
·
Shifting of patient from bed to trolley.
·
Serving patients with bed pan and urine bottle.
·
Prepare patients for surgeries and post operative care.
·
Dressing of surgical wounds post operatively.
·
Pass nasogastric tube.
·
Injections I/V and I/M.
·
Interpret and explain the urine, stool and blood findings with
relevance
to orthopaedic diseases.
·
Request and interpret x-rays, ultrasound, CT, MRI scans
·
Management; provide first aid to a person with bone injury
like
common sprains, fractures and dislocations
(immobilization of body part, resuscitation of injured patient.
·
Apply dressings, splints, plasters and other
immobilization techniques in fracture patients in emergency;
maintain
clear airway of patient; reductions and
observation of surgical fixations; internal and external
fixation
of fractures (plates, nails others); manipulation and
application of plaster of paris cast/back slab; use of external
fixators
in treatment of open fractures; application of traction
skin/skeletal.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
§
Short
Practice Of Surgery
By Bailey And Love’s
§
Text Book
Of Surgery
By Ijaz Ahsan
§
General
Surgery (Lecture Notes Series)
by Harold Ellis, Roy Calne,
Chris
Watson
§
An
Introduction to the Symptoms and Signs of Surgical Disease
by
Norman
Browse
§
Current
Surgical Practice:
by Norman L. Browse, Alan G. Johnson, and
Tom. Vol.
6
§
Schwartz's Principles of Surgery
by F. Charles Brunicardi,
Dana K.
Andersen, Timothy R. Billiar, and David L. Dunn 8th edition. 2004
§
Online Journals and Reading Materials
through HEC Digital Library
Facility.
(II)
ANAESTHESIOLOGY
The course
outline is as follows :
·
Pre-operative assessment of patients and pre-medication
·
Local anaesthesia
o
Local anaesthetic agents (pharmacology)
o
Regional anaesthesia (spinal and epidural)
·
Intravenous anaesthetic agents
·
Muscle relaxants
·
Inhalational anaesthetic agents
·
Anaesthesia and associated diseases.
·
Complications of anaesthesia.
·
Perioperative management.
·
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. CPR.
·
Recovery from anaesthesia. Pain management and postoperative care.
LOG
BOOK
The
submission of a complete logbook duly signed by Head of
Department
should be compulsory to appear in final professional
examination.
PROCEDURES
1.
Pre-operative assessment of the patient.
2. I/V
cannulation and Intra-operative fluid management.
3.
Demonstration of induction of general anaesthesia and tracheal
intubation.
4.
Demonstration of spinal block.
5.
Demonstration of epidural block.
6.
Demonstration of local blocks in Eye, ENT and General Surgery.
7.
Demonstration of CPR.
8.
Post-operative care/pain management.
9.
Introduction to the ICU.
10.
Demonstration of anaesthesia machine and other instruments
11.
Demonstration of sterilization procedures in O.T and ICU.
12.
Demonstration of vital sign monitors and their application
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1.
Textbook of Anaesthesia by G. Smith and A.R. Aitkenhead
2.
Short Practice of Anaesthesia by M. Morgan, G. Hall. Latest edition
3. A
Synopsis of Anaesthesia by J.Alfred Lee
4.
Online Journals and Reading Materials through HEC Digital Library
Facility.
(III)
RADIOLOGY
The
student will be able to:
·
Select/advice the required radiological examination correctly
·
Identify gross abnormalities in the films
·
List indications and advantages of modern techniques
·
Recognize major abdominal viscera and their imaging characters
Required Radiological Examinations and Abnormalities
·
Plain
Radiography
Chest
·
Normal anatomy and projections
·
Pneumothorax
·
Pneumonia
·
Effusion
·
Cardiomegaly
·
Plumonary oedema
·
Fractures
·
Surgical emphysema
·
Neoplastic Diseases
·
Chronic inflammatory disease
Skull
·
Normal anatomy and projections
·
Fracture
·
Lytic and sclerotic lesion
·
Calcifications
·
Pituitary fossa
·
Paranasal sinuses
Abdomen
·
Normal anatomy and projections
·
Renal & urinary tract stones, gall stones and other calcifications
·
Fluid levels (intestinal obstruction)
·
Free gas under diaphragm, (perforation)
·
Enlarged liver and spleen
Spine
·
Normal anatomy and projections.
·
Disc space reduction
·
Vertebral collapse
Barium
Meal and with double contrast (where applicable)
·
Normal anatomy and various projections
·
Gastric outlet obstruction
·
Stomach mass/filling defect
·
Oesophageal outline/varices/strictures
·
Intussusception
·
Colonic defects
·
Malabsorption pattern
·
Stricture
·
Any filling defect
·
Ulcerative colitis
·
Intravenous Urogram
·
Hydronephrosis and renal masses
·
Micturating Cystourethrogram
·
Reflux
·
Cholecystogram
·
Gall bladder diseases and stones
·
Echocardiogram
· Be
able to interpret the report
·
CT
Scanning
· Be
able to interpret the report
·
MRI
·
Basic principle
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. Aids
to Radiological Differential Diagnosis by Chapman S. and
Nakielny
R. 4th ed. Elsevier Science Limited; 2003.
2.
Online Journals and Reading Materials through HEC Digital Library
Facility.
(B)
MEDICINE
Distribution of subjects
Paper-I
All except Paper-II
Paper-II will include:
1.Infectious Diseases 7.Endocrinology including Diabetes
2.Metabolic Diseases 8.Genitourinary System
3.Immunology 9 . Genetics
4.Oncology
10.Water and Electrolyte Balance
5. Acid
and Base Balance 11.Psychiatry
6.
Dermatology
1.
CARDIOLOGY
The course
outline is as follows :
·
Rheumatic fever and infective endocarditis.
· Valvular
heart diseases.
· Mitral
valve
· Aortic
valve
·
Ischaemic heart disease.
· Angina
·
Myocardial infarction
· Cardiac
arrhythmias
· Atrial
fibrillation
·
Ventricular tachycardia
·
Premature atrial and ventricular beats.
· Heart
failure.
· Left
ventricular failure.
·
Congestive cardiac failure.
· Cor
pulmonale.
·
Congenital heart diseases (brief).
·
Cyanotic/acyanotic heart diseases.
· Fallot’s
tetralogy
· Atrial
septal defect
·
Ventricular septal defect
· Patent
ductus arteriosus
·
Cardiomyopathies
·
Pericardial diseases.
·
Constrictive pericarditis
·
Pericardial disease s
·
Pericardial effusion
·
Atherosclerosis/arteriosclerosis.
·
Hypertension.
·
Peripheral vascular disease.
· Symptoms
and signs
·
Arteriosclerosis
· Acute &
chronic ischaemia of the leg
·
Aneurysms
·
Buerger's disease
·
Raynaud's disease
·
variocose veins
· Venous
thrombosis
·
Investigations.
·
Electrocardiography, Xray chest, Echocardiography, Thallium
Scan,
Stress Testing, Holter And Angiography Etc.
CLINICAL TRAINING:
Important Topics To Be Discussed:
Case
discussion for diagnosis and management of common cardiovascular
diseases.
· Systemic
hypertension
·
Ischaemic heart diseases
·
Congestive cardiac failure
· Valvular
diseases and infective endocarditis
Understand the Symptomatology to reach the Differential Diagnosis:
Palpitation, breathlessness, chest pain, raised JVP, jaundice etc.
Skills
To Be Learnt:
· History
taking in CVS.
· GPE in
CVS – clubbing, koilonychia, osler’s nodes, splinter
haemorrhages, cyanosis.
· Pulse,
JVP, blood pressure.
·
Inspection, palpation of precordium.
·
Percussion, auscultation of precordium – mitral, tricuspid,
aortic,
pulmonary areas.
·
Interpretation of related radiological and laboratory
investigations
· General
medication and prescription writing in CVS diseases.
Procedures (Observe/ Assist):
· ECG
taking and basic reading i.e. Normal, Acute MI,
Ischemia,
complete heart block, APC, VPC, SVT, VT etc.
· X-ray
chest interpretation – (Cardiology).
· Should
observe, learn and even may assist electroversion
therapy
(DC shock) with indications, complications etc.
· Observe
Echo and should recognize chambers and valves
on echo
print.
· Observe
pericardial effusion aspiration.
· Should
learn thrombolytic therapy,
heparinisation/anticoagulation therapy and control, antiplatelet
therapy,
nitrates infusion, digitalization, treatment
of
acute pulmonary edema, o2 therapy.
· Cardiac
monitoring.
· Basics
of ETT.
2.
PULMONOLOGY
COURSE
OUTLINES:
·
Asthma.
·
Environmental lung diseases/occupational.
·
Asbestosis
·
Silicosis
·
Bagassosis
·
Pneumoconiosis
·
Byssinosis
·
Farmer’s lung
·
Pneumonia
·
Community acquired
·
Nosocomial
·
Lobar and bronchopneumonia
·
Adult respiratory distress syndrome
·
Acute respiratory failure
·
Mechanical ventilation.
·
Bronchiectasis.
·
Chronic obstructive airway diseases.
·
Chronic bronchitis
·
Emphysema
·
Interstitial lung diseases.
·
Pulmonary thromboembolism
·
Acute corpulmonale.
·
Type-I and type-II respiratory failure
·
Pleural effusion.
·
Pneumothorax.
·
Tuberculosis
·
Tumors of the lung
·
Disorders of chest wall and pleura
·
Chest trauma
·
Deformities of the rib cage
·
Dry pleurisy, pleural effusion, empyema, pneumothorax.
·
Basics of pulmonary function tests.
·
Imaging in pulmonary diseases/investigations
CLINICAL TRAINING:
Important Topics To Be Discussed:
Case
discussion for diagnosis and management of common pulmonary
diseases.
·
Bronchial asthma
· Pleural
effusion
·
Pneumonia
·
Hemoptysis
·
Pulmonary tuberculosis
· Chronic
obstructive airway disease
· Type-I
and type-II respiratory failure
·
Bronchogenic carcinoma
Understand the Symptomatology to reach the Differential Diagnosis:
·
Breathlessness
· Wheezing
·
Haemoptysis
·
Orthopnoea
·
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea (PND)
· Pain in
calf on walking
· Undue
coldness, redness or blueness of extremities
· Chest
pain
·
Cough/expectoration/sputum
Skills
To Be Learnt:
· History
taking in respiratory system – dyspnoea, cough,
expectoration, haemoptysis.
· Chest
pain, wheezing.
·
Inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation front of
chest.
·
Inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation back of
chest.
·
Interpretation of related radiological and laboratory
investigations.
·
Interpretation of pulmonary function tests.
·
General medication and prescription writing in pulmonology
· Any
deficient program.
Procedures (Observe/ Assist):
·
How to start O2 therapy, indications, complications.
· Learn
pleural aspiration and assist
·
Endotracheal suction, assist
· Pleural
biopsy, observe
· FNA
biopsy, observe
· Under
water seas aspiration, observe/assist
·
Management of respiratory failure
· Observe
bronchoscopy
3.
DERMATOLOGY
COURSE
OUTLINES:
·
Anatomy, physiology of skin related to clinical dermatology
·
Infestations: scabies, pediculosis.
·
Bacterial and mycobacterial infections
·
Fungal and viral diseases.
·
Acne vulgaris
·
Eczemas.
·
Psoriasis
·
Lichen planus
·
Bullous disorders.
·
Pigmentary disorders
·
Disorders of nails.
·
Disorders of hairs.
·
Sexually transmitted diseases.
CLINICAL TRAINING:
Important Topics To Be Discussed:
Case
discussion for diagnosis and management of common dermatological
diseases.
Should
recognize lesions of:
· Leprosy
·
Syphilitic lesions (chancre, secondary syphilis, gumma)
· Tinea (corporis,
capitis, inguinale, unguam)
· Candida
(oral, skin)
· Scabies
· Lice
· Mosquito
bite
· Acute &
chronic eczema
· Lesions
of small pox, chicken pox, herpes simplex,
herpes
zoster
· SLE.
·
Psoriasis
· Lichen
planus
· Impetigo
contagiosum
· Moluscum
contagiosum
· Acne
vulgaris
·
Seborhoea
·
Exfoliative dermatitis
· Skin
neoplasm like squamous cell cacinoma, basal cell
carcinoma
and melanoma
·
Leukoderma
·
Pityriasis versicolor
· Alope
cia and hirsutism
· Sexually
transmitted diseases
·
Furnculosis, cellulitis
· Drug
eruption
Understand the Symptomatology to reach the Differential Diagnosis:
· Alopecia
· Eruption
and rashes
· Itching
·
Pigmentation and depigmentation
Skills
To Be Learnt:
·
History taking in Dermatology
·
Clinical examination of various skin lesions
·
Interpretation of related radiological and laboratory investigations
·
General medication and prescription writing in Dermatology
Procedures (Observe/ Assist):
· Scraping
for fungus
· Use of
magnifying glass
· Observe
skin biopsy
· Use of
Wood’s lamp
4.
Neurology and Central Nervous System
COURSE
OUTLINES:
o
Infections and inflammatory lesions
§
Meningitis
·
Bacterial.
·
Tuberculous.
·
Viral etc.
§
Brain abscess
§
Encephalitis
§
Hydrocephalus
o
Epilepsy and other convulsive disorders
o
Cerebrovascular diseases (stroke).
·
Ischemic
· Embolism
·
Infarction
·
Haemorrhage
·
Intra-cerebral
·
Subarachnoid
o
Dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.
o
Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders.
o
Motor neuron disease.
o
Multiple sclerosis.
o
Cranial nerve disorders.
·
Transient mono-ocular blindness
(amaurosis
fugax).
·
Trigeminal neuralgia.
·
Facial palsy (Bell’s).
·
Vertigo, nystagmus
o
Spinal cord disorders.
·
Spinal cord compression
·
Hemiplegia, paraplegia, quadriplegia
·
Myelitis.
·
Spondylosis.
·
Syringomyelia and syringobulbia.
o
Peripheral nerve disorders.
·
Peripheral polyneuropathy
·
Gullian Barry syndrome
·
Mononeuritis multiplex.
o
Space occupying lesions of brain and spinal cord.
o
Muscular dystrophies
o
Myopathies, myasthenia gravis
CLINICAL TRAINING:
Important Topics To Be Discussed:
Case
discussion for diagnosis and management of common CNS disorders:
·
Cerebrovascular accident
·
Paraplegia
·
Polyneuropathy
· Muscular
dystrophies and Motor neuron disease
·
Parkinsonism
·
Meningitis
· Tetanus
·
Hemiplegia
· Facial
Palsy
Understand the Symptomatology to reach the Differential Diagnosis:
·
Behaviour
· I.Q
· Speech
disturbances
· Memory
·
Confusional states
· Dementia
· Tremor
·
Fasciculations
·
Athetosis
· Chorea
· Gait
abnormalities
·
Convulsions/fits
· Coma
·
Syncope/dizziness
· Vertigo
· Deafness
·
Blindness
·
Numbness, tingling, sensory loss
· Rigidity
/ paralysis.
· Movement
disorders
Skills
To Be Learnt:
· History
taking in CNS.
· Higher
mental functions – level of consciousness, behaviour,
speech,
memory.
·
Examination of cranial nerves.
·
Examination of motor system.
·
Examination of sensory system – crude touch, pain, temperature.
· Fine
touch, pressure, vibration, joint position.
· Cortical
sensations
· Two
point localization, two point discrimination.
· Reflexes
·
Examination of cerebellar system
·
Examination of nystagmus
·
Examination of rigidity
·
Assessment of movement disorders
·
Interpretation of related radiological and laboratory investigations
· General
medication and prescription writing in Neurology
Procedures (Observe/ Assist):
§
Observe and learn lumbar puncture
5.
ALIMENTARY SYSTEM
COURSE
OUTLINES:
o Oral
cavity
§
Infections and inflammatory disorders
§ Benign
and malignant diseases
o
Esophagus.
§
Dysphagia with special reference to
§ Ca
oesophagus
§ GERD
§
Achalasia
§
Candiasis of oral cavity and oesophagus
o Stomach
§
Gastritis.
§ Peptic
ulcer
o
Intestines
o
Malabsorption syndromes.
o Tropical
sprue
o Coeliac
disease
o
Inflammatory bowel diseases.
·
Ulcerative colitis
§ Crohn’s
disease
o
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
o Liver
o Ascites.
o
Jaundice.
o
Congenital hyperbilirubinaemia
o Gilbert
syndrome
o Dubin
Johnson syndrome
o Rotor
syndromes
o
Haemolytic
o
Obstructive
o
Hepatitis
o Viral,
acute and chronic
o Toxic
o Drugs
o Auto
immune hepatitis.
o
Cirrhosis of liver.
o Hepatic
encephalopathy.
o
Carcinoma liver and transplant.
o Acute
and chronic pancreatitis.
o Upper GI
bleeding, lower GI bleeding
o Drugs
contraindicated in liver diseases
CLINICAL TRAINING:
Important Topics To Be Discussed:
Case
discussion for diagnosis and management of common gastrointestinal
and
hepatobiliary diseases.
· Acid
peptic disease
· Tender
hepatomegaly
·
Hepatosplenomegaly
· Jaundice
· Chronic
liver disease
· Acute
and chronic diarrhoea
· Variceal
bleeding and peptic ulcer bleeding.
·
Abdominal Koch’s infection
Understand the Symptomatology to reach the Differential Diagnosis:
· Oral
ulceration
·
Dysphagia
· Heart
burn
·
Nausea/vomiting
·
Indigestion/flatulence
·
Diarrhoea and constipation
· Melena,
hematemesis, bleeding per rectum
· Jaundice
·
Hepatomegaly
·
Abdominal distension/ascites
Skills
To Be Learnt:
· History
taking in GIT – vomiting, diarrhoea, pain abdomen,
constipation, haematemesis, melena, dyspepsia, distension.
·
Examination of GIT –
·
Inspection, palpation.
·
Percussion, auscultation.
·
Interpretation of related radiological and laboratory
investigations
· General
medication and prescription writing in GIT diseases.
· Any
deficient programme.
Procedures (Observe/ Assist):
· Learn
N/G tube passing and feeding
· Learn
and observe a spiration of peritoneal fluids
· Learn
and observe endoscopies, upper and lower GIT
·
Preparing a patient for GI endoscopies
6.
KIDNEYS AND URINARY SYSTEM
COURSE
OUTLINES:
·
Acute renal failure.
·
Chronic renal failure
·
Nephrotic syndrome.
·
Nephritic syndrome.
·
Urinary tract infections
§
Infections of the kidneys
§
Infections of the lower urinary tract
·
Inflammatory lesions of the kidneys
·
Introduction to dialysis & renal transplant
·
Drugs causing renal disease (brief).
§
Analgesic nephropathy.
§ Lead,
uric acid, hypercalcemia, radiation & hypersensitivity
§
Nephropathy.
§ Drugs
contra indicated in renal insufficiency
§ Drugs to
be used with caution in renal disease.
·
Polycystic kidneys.
·
Renal vascular disorders
§ Renal
artery stenosis
§ Renal
vein thrombosis
§ Tumours
·
Hemolytic uremic syndrome.
·
Prostatic diseases
CLINICAL TRAINING:
Important Topics To Be Discussed:
Case
discussion for diagnosis and management of common Renal & Urinary
system
diseases
·
Nephrotic syndrome
·
Nephritic syndrome
· Acute
renal failure
· Chronic
renal failure
Understand the Symptomatology to reach the Differential Diagnosis:
· Lumbar
/pelvic pain
· Anuria,
oliguria
·
Hematuria
· Dysuria,
pyuria
· Urgency
/ frequency of micturation
· Urinary
retention
· Urinary
incontinence
· Nocturia
Skills
To Be Learnt:
· History
taking – lumbar pain, anuria, oliguria, hematuria,
dysuria,
urgency/frequency of micturition, pyuria, urinary
retention,
nocturia, urinary incontinence, pelvic pain.
·
Examination of abdominopelvic and lumbar area
·
Inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation.
·
Interpretation of related radiological and laboratory
investigations
· General
medication and prescription writing in upper & lower
urinary
tract diseases.
Procedures (Observe/ Assist):
·
Observe and assist insertion of Foley’s catheter/Red rubber
catheter
·
Learn and observe peritoneal and hemodialysis
·
Indications and outcomes of renal transplant
·
Observe I/V urograms
7.
ENDOCRINOLOGY
COURSE
OUTLINES:
o Anterior
pituitary.
§ Growth
hormone disorders
o
Acromegaly
o
Gigantism.
o Short
stature
§
Infertility
o Diseases
of hypothalamus and posterior pituitary.
§ Empty
sella syndrome
§ Diabetes
insipidus
§ Syndrome
of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH).
o Thyroid
gland.
§
Hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis)
§
Hypothyroidism (myxedema, cretinism)
§
Inflammatory lesions
§ Benign
and malignant tumors
o Adrenal
Gland.
§ Cushing
Syndrome
§
Aldosteronism Primary/Secondary.
§
Hirsutism.
§
Addison’s disease
§ Acute
Addisonian crisis
§
Inflammatory lesions
§
Adrenocortical tumors including Pheochromocytoma
o
Endocrine Pancreas
§ Diabetes
mellitus and hypoglycaemic states
§ Other
associated endocrine disorders
o Testes
§ Sexual
precocity
§
Heterosexual precocity
§
Gynaecomastia
§
Inflammations
§ Tumours
o Multiple
endocrine neoplasia
§ Type I
§ Type II
CLINICAL TRAINING:
Important Topics To Be Discussed:
Case
discussion for diagnosis and management of common endocrine
disorders
· Diabetes
mellitus
· Thyroid
diseases
·
Cushing’s disease
·
Infertility and common reproductive disorders
Skills
To Be Learnt:
· History
taking and correlate with a specific diagnosis.
·
Examination of thyroid gland, male and female genital organs etc.
·
Interpretation of related radiological and laboratory investigations
· General
medication and prescription writing in endocrinology
8.
RHEUMATOLOGY
COURSE
OUTLINES:
o
Osteoarthritis
o
Osteoporosis
o
Rheumatoid arthiritis and related arthropathies
o Paget’s
disease of the bone.
o
Osteopetrosis (marble bone disease).
o Multiple
myeloma
o
Multi-System Immunological Diseases
o Systemic
lupus erythematosis (SLE)
o Serum
sickness
o Systemic
sclerosis (scleroderma).
o Mixed
connective tissue diseases (brief).
o
Sjogren’s syndrome (brief).
o
Ankylosing spondylitis.
o Bechet’s
syndrome (brief).
o
Vasculitis syndromes (brief).
o
Anaphylactoid purpura
o
Polyarteritis nodosa
o
Hpersensitivity vasculitis
o Wegner’s
granulomatosis
o Temporal
arteritis
o
Takayasu’s arteritis
o
Thromboangitis obliterans (Burger’s disease)
o
Sarcoidosis (brief).
CLINICAL TRAINING:
Important Topics To Be Discussed:
Case
discussion for diagnosis and management of common rheumatological
diseases.
·
Rheumatoid arthritis
·
Osteoarthritis
· Multiple
Myeloma
· SLE etc.
Understand the Symptomatology to reach the Differential Diagnosis:
· Joint
pain and joint swelling
· Joint
deformities
· Muscle
cramps
· Muscle
weakness
· Muscular
wasting
· Other
related systemic signs and symptoms
Skills
To Be Learnt:
· History
taking and correlate with a specific diagnosis.
·
Examination and assessment of the pattern of involvement of
bones,
joints, skin and other organs
·
Interpretation of related radiological and laboratory investigations
· General
medication and prescription writing in rheumatology.
Procedures (Observe/ Assist):
· Observe
aspiration of fluids from joints (knee)
· Observe
bone marrow aspiration/terphine
9.
METABOLIC DISORDERS
COURSE
OUTLINES:
§
Hyperlipidemia
§
Hemochromatosis
§
Porphyrias
§ Wilson’s
disease
§ Gout and
hypercalcemia
§ Storage
diseases.
§ Lipid.
·
Leukodystrophies
· Niemann
pick disease.
·
Gaucher’s disease.
§
Glycogen.
· Fabry’s
disease.
§
Hereditary connective tissue disorders
§
Osteogenesis imperfecta.
§ Ehler’s
danlos syndrome.
§
Chondrodysplasias.
§ Marfan
syndrome.
§ Alport
syndrome.
§
Disorders of amino acid metabolism and storage
§
Homocystinuria.
§
Alkaptonuria.
§ Hartnup
disease.
§ Renal
glycosuria
10.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
COURSE
OUTLINES:
o Clinical
syndromes.
§ Sepsis
and septic shock, meningococcaemia
§ Acute
infectious diarrhoeal diseases and bacterial food
poisoning.
§ Hospital
acquired infections.
o Common
disease syndromes caused by the following bacteria
and their
drug therapy.
§
Pneumococci
§
Staphylococci.
§
Streptococci.
§
Hemophilis influenzae.
§ Shigella.
§
Gonococci.
§
Pseudomonas.
o
Following diseases in detail.
§ Tetanus.
§ Enteric
fever/salmonellosis.
§ Cholera.
§
Tuberculosis.
§ Leprosy.
§
Amoebiasis/giardiasis/trichomoniasis.
§ Malaria.
§ AIDS.
§ Rabies.
§
Infectious mononucleosis.
o
Helminthic infestations
§
Ascariasis
§ Hookworm
§ Whipworm
(trichuriasis)
§
Threadworm (entrobiasis)
§ Taenia
(tapeworm)
§ Hydatid
diseases
CLINICAL TRAINING:
Important Topics To Be Discussed:
Case
discussion for diagnosis and management of common infectious
diseases
in Pakistan
· Malaria
· Typhoid
fever
· Acute
diarrhoeal diseases
· Acute /
chronic respiratory tract infections
·
Generalized septicemia etc.
Understand the Symptomatology to reach the Differential Diagnosis:
o Fever
o
Headache, pain
o
Anorexia/ weight loss
o
Haemoptysis/ chest pain/ epigastric
o
Cough/expectoration/sputum
o Dysuria,
pyuria
o
Diarrhoea / vomiting
o Melena,
hematemesis
o
Jaundice/hepatomegaly
o Eruption
and rashes
o Itching
o Joint
pain and joint swelling etc.
Skills
to Be Learnt:
· History
taking and correlate with a specific diagnosis.
·
Examination and assessment of the pattern of fever, involvement of
organ
systems and any positive findings.
·
Interpretation of related radiological and laboratory investigations
·
Symptomatic treatment and prescription writing in infectious diseases.
Procedures:
Perform:
·
Injection I/V, I/M, S/C, intradermal
· Oxygen
therapy
· Urinary
catheterisation – collection of samples
·
Collection of blood samples/ blood film preparation
Observe:
· Observe
I/V lines/Fluids/Blood/Blood products, direct,
branula,
cutdown, CVP
· N/G tube
passing and feeding
· Foley’s
catheter/Red rubber catheter
· IOP
record maintenance
·
Aspiration of fluids (Pleural, Pericardial, Peritoneal, Knee)
· Lumbar
Puncture
· O2
therapy
·
Nebulisation etc.
11.
HAEMATOLOGY
COURSE
OUTLINES:
Anaemias.
·
Classification
· Iron
deficiency
·
Megaloblastic
o B-12
deficiency
o Folic
acid deficiency
· Anaemia
of chronic disorder
·
Haemolytic anaemia
o
Hereditary
o Acquired
o
Intra-corpuscular
o
Extra-corpuscular
· Aplastic
anemia
Haemoglobinopathies.
· Sickle
cell syndromes
·
Thalassaemias
Myeloproliferative diseases.
· Chronic
myeloid leukemia (CML)
·
Polycythemia vera
·
Myelofibrosis
·
Essential thrombocytosis
·
Leukemias.
· Acute
· Chronic
·
Lymphomos
·
Non-Hodgkin’s
·
Hodgkin’s
Blood
groups and blood transfusion.
Bone
marrow transplantation.
Disorders
of haemostasis.
·
Thrombocytopenia
·
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
· Von
Willebrand’s disease.
· Vessel
wall disorders.
·
Disorders of coagulation.
·
Haemophilia
· Vitamin
K deficiency.
·
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
Anticoagulants Therapy
· Heparin
· Oral (warfarin
etc.)
· Vit. K
infusion
·
Antiplatelet drugs
CLINICAL TRAINING:
Important Topics To Be Discussed:
Case
discussion for diagnosis and management of common haematological
disorders
· Anaemias
· Bleeding
disorders
·
Myeloproliferative or lymphoproliferative diseases
Understand the Symptomatology to reach the Differential Diagnosis:
·
Lassitude
· Dyspnoea
·
Infections
· Edema
· Gum
hypertrophy
· Bleeding
tendency
· Bruising
purpura
· Lymph
node enlargement
· Weight
loss
· Facial
swelling
· Bone
pain
· Jaundice
·
Hepatosplenomegaly
·
Hypersensitivity/ allergic reactions etc.
Skills
To Be Learnt:
· History
taking in general
· General
physical examination, pallor, cyanosis, jaundice, clubbing,
koilonychia, lymph nodes, edema, pulse, cyanosis, fever,
headache,
anorexia, weight loss, pain, facial swelling etc.
·
Examination and assessment of the extent of the disease
·
Interpretation of related radiological and laboratory
investigations
· General
medication and prescription writing in Haematology.
Procedures (Observe/ Assist):
·
Injection I/V, I/M, S/C, intradermal
·
Collection of samples of blood/blood film preparation
· Perform
I/V lines/fluids/blood/blood products, direct
branula,
cutdown, CVP etc.
· Observe
bone marrow aspiration/ trephine
12.
PSYCHIATRY
COURSE
OUTLINES:
·
Mood disorders.
·
Major depressive episodes
·
Unipolar
·
Bipolar
·
Dysthymic
·
Atypical
·
Maniac episodes
·
Anxiety disorders.
·
Acute anxiety states
·
Panic disorders
·
Generalized anxiety disorders
·
Psychic Traumatic disorders
·
Obsessive-compulsive disorders
·
Phobic disorders
·
Schizophrenia.
·
Alcoholism.
·
Addiction.
·
Psychosexual disorders in men and women.
CLINICAL TRAINING:
Important Topics To Be Discussed:
Case
discussion for diagnosis and management of common Psychiatric
disorders
like-
· Anxiety
·
Depression
·
Schizophrenia
· Manic
depressive psychosis
· Phobias
· Eating
disorders
Understand the Symptomatology to reach the Differential Diagnosis:
Skills
To Be Learnt:
·
History taking in psychiatry
·
Clinical examination of patients
·
Counseling and psychoanalysis especially in patients with
suicidal
and homicidal attitude.
·
Interpretation of related radiological and laboratory investigations
·
General medication and prescription writing in psychiatry
Procedures:
·
Psychotherapy
·
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
·
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
13.
MISCELLANEOUS AND EMERGENCIES
· Heat
stroke
· Snake
bite
· Electric
shock
·
Poisoning etc.
Procedures To Be Performed/Observed/Assisted:
Perform:
·
Injection I/V, I/M, S/C, intradermal
· Oxygen
therapy
· Urinary
catheterisation – collection and samples of blood
Observe:
· Observe
I/V lines/fluids/blood/blood products, direct,
branula,
cutdown, CVP
· N/G tube
passing and feeding
· Foley’s
catheter/Red rubber catheter, IOP record
maintenance
·
Endotracheal tube placement
·
Endotracheal suction/maintenance of airway/nursing on
side etc.
·
Aspiration of fluids (Pleural, Pericardial, Peritoneal, Knee)
· Lumbar
puncture
· O2
therapy
·
Nebulisation
· ECG
taking/reading
· X-ray
chest reading
· Barium
series
· I/V
urograms
· Bone and
joint X-ray reading for medical problems
(Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, collapse vertebra,
caries
spine, multiple myeloma, cervical rib etc.)
·
Preparing a patient for endoscopies, upper and lower GIT
THE LOG
BOOK/CLINICAL CARD RECORD
The
student is expected to make a record of his/her achievements
in the log
book. The log book is a collection of evidence that learning has
taken
place, it is a reflective record of achievements. The log book shall
also
contain a record of the procedures which student would have
performed in 3rd, 4th & 5th year.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1.
Practice of Medicine by Davidson.
2.
Clinical Medicine by Parveen J Kumar & Michaell, Clark
3.
Hutchison's Clinical Methods by Michael Swash. 21st edition
4.
Basic psychiatry by Myre Sim, e. B. Gordon
5.
Oxford Text Book of Psychiatry
6. ABC
of Dermatology. Latest
Edition.
7.
Smith's General Urology by Emil A. Tanagho and Jack W. McAninch
15th
edition. 2007
8.
Online
Journals and Reading Materials
through HEC Digital
Library Facility
(C)
OBSTETRICS
The course
outline is as follows :
1.
Introduction.
2.
Obstetric history taking and examination.
3.
Conception, implantation and development of placenta,
fetal
circulation, abnormalities of placenta.
4. Foetal
skull and bony pelvis.
5.
Diagnosis of pregnancy.
6.
Physiological changes associated with pregnancy.
7.
Ante-natal care.
8. Early
pregnancy loss and its management (Abortions)
9.
Physiology of labour.
10.
Mechanism of labour.
11.
Management of labour.
12.
Complications of 3rd stage of labour.
13.
Abnormal labour e.g. Prolonged labour/obstructed labour.
14.
Pre-term labour.
15.
Induction of labour.
16.
Pre-maturity.
17.
Post-maturity.
18.
Conduction of normal delivery.
19.
Operation delivery.
20.
Forceps delivery.
21. Vacuum
delivery.
22.
Caesarean section.
23.
Ante-partum haemorrhage.
24.
Hydramnios.
25.
Hyperemisis gravidarum.
26.
Medical Disorder associated with pregnancy e.g.
-
Pregnancy with anaemia
-
Pregnancy with heart disease
-
Pregnancy with diabetes
-
Pregnancy with jaundice/hepatitis
- Renal
problems during pregnancy
- Pyrexia
in pregnancy
27.
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy e.g.
- PET
-
Eclampsia
-
Essential hypertension
28.
Obstetric shock.
29. Intra
uterine growth retardation and its management.
30. Fetal
distress and its management.
31. Fetal
Monitoring.
32. Fetal
presentations.
33. Breech
presentation.
34.
Occipito posterior position.
35. Brow
presentation.
36. Face
presentation.
37. Cord
prolapse/compound presentation.
38.
Transvese lie/unstable lie.
39.
Multiple pregnancy.
40.
Puerperium (normal and abnormal).
41.
Examination of the new-born baby.
42.
Resuscitation of new-born.
43. Minor
problems of the new-born.
44. Breast
feeding and its importance.
45.
Obstetric injuries/ruptured uterus.
46.
Haematological disorder of pregnancy e.g.
- Rh
incompatibility
-
Thalassemia major/minor
47. Role
of Ultrasound in obstetric.
48. Foetal
congenital abnormalities.
49. Vital
statistics.
Practical:
Log Book
of 20 assisted deliveries.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1.
Obstetrics by Ten Teachers by Stuart Campbell and Christoph Lees. 17th
Ed 2000
2.
Essentials of Obstetrics and Gynecology by Neville F. Hacker, J. George
Moore, and
Joseph C. Gambone. 4th ed. 2004
3.
Notes on Obstetrics & Gynecology. Stirrat, Mills, Draycott. 5th Ed.
2003.
4. Text
book of Obstetrics and Gynecology by Rashid Lateef
5.
Obstetrics and Gynecology by Arshad Chauhan
6.
Online Journals and Reading Materials through HEC Digital Library
Facility.
(D)
GYNECOLOGY
The course
outline is as follows :
1.
Introduction.
2. Anatomy
of female
i. Genital
organs
ii.
Development of female genital organs
3. Puberty
and adolescence.
4.
Ovulation and its clinical importance.
5. Normal
menstruation.
6.
Menstrual abnormalities.
7.
Gynaecological history taking and examination
8. Minor
gynaecological operative procedures.
9.
Amenorrhoea
10.
Infertility.
11.
Contraception.
12.
Ectopic pregnancy.
13.
Trophoblastic tumours.
14. Vulval
lesions
15.
Tumours of vagina.
16.
Tumours of cervix.
17.
Tumours of uterus.
18.
Tumours of ovaries.
19.
Tumours of fallopian tubes.
20.
Menopause, Hormone replacement therapy.
21.
Genital prolapse.
22. Pelvic
floor injuries.
23.
Urogynaecology.
24.
Problems of marriage and sex.
25.
Vaginal discharges.
26.
Infections of female genital tract
i.
Infections of upper genital tract
ii.
Infections of lower genital tract
27.
Pre-operative preparations.
28.
Post-operative complications and its management.
29. Role
of USG in gynaecology
Practical:
Log Book
of 20 patients of Gynaecology.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1.
Gynaecology by Ten Teachers by Stanley G. Clayton and Ash Monga
2006.
2.
Essentials of Obstetrics and Gynecology by Neville F. Hacker, J. George
Moore, and
Joseph C. Gambone. 4th ed. 2004
3.
Notes on Obstetrics & Gynecology by Stirrat, Mills, Draycott. 5th Ed.
2003.
4. Text
book of Obstetrics and Gynecology by Rashid Lateef
5.
Obstetrics and Gynecology by Arshad Chauhan
6.
Online Journals and Reading Materials through HEC Digital Library
Facility.
(E)
PAEDIATRICS
The course
outline is as follows :
List of
suggested topics for teaching the undergraduates is given below,
however
the individual faculties can alter/add topics as per their
discretion
in respective institution:
· Common
problems of children in Pakistan and statistics of Pakistani
children
· Clinical
methods in paediatrics
·
Nutrition (breast feeding, infant feeding , weaning) and nutritional
disorders:(PEM, rickets, vitamin A deficiency, iodine deficiency, iron
deficiency
)
· Growth
and development.
· Common
pediatric infections: measles, tetanus, polio, diphtheria,
whooping
cough, aids
· Malaria,
enteric fever, tuberculosis, chicken pox, common skin
infections
· Expanded
program of immunization (EPI) .newer vaccines
·
Diarrheal diseases.
· Acute
respiratory infections (ARI).
· IMCI
(integrated management of childhood illness).
·
Neonatology: resuscitation of new born, care of normal new born,
birth
asphyxia, premature and low birth weight babies, neonatal
jaundice,
neonatal sepsis, neonatal fits, respiratory distress of new
born,
common skin conditions of neonates; pyloric stenosis,
myelomeningocele, hydrocephalus, common congenital abnormalities
and birth
trauma.
·
Neurology: meningitis, febrile, convulsions, epilepsy, cerebral palsy,
mental
handicap, cerebral malaria, encephalitis
·
Cardiology: congenital heart diseases [VSD, PDA, TOF, ASD],
rheumatic
fever. Congestive cardiac failure, clinical assessment of a
cyanotic
neonate/infant.
·
Haematology: anaemias, thalassemia, leukemias, bleeding disorders.
·
Nephrology: nephrotic syndrome, urinary tract infections, acute
glomeulonephritis
·
Endocrinology: hypothyroidism, short stature, diabetes
·
Pulmonology: croup, asthma, tuberculosis, pneumonias , pleural
effusions.
·
Gastroenterology: abdominal pain, malabsorption, hepatitis, cirrhosis,
acute
liver failure
·
Diarrhea[acut/echronic] dysentery, worm infestations, giardia,
amoebiasis,
rectal polyp.
·
Genetics: patterns of inheritance, Down’s syndrome,
· Social
pediatrics: right of child, child abuse, enuresis, encoparesis,
hyperactivity
·
Dyslexia, attention deficit disorder
·
Miscellaneous: poisoning, prevention of home accidents, behavioral
disorders.
·
Pediatric surgery: hernia, intussusceptions, intestinal obstruction,
tallipes,
congenital dislocation of hip, vesico ureteral reflux.
SKILLS:
1.
Students will demonstrate his ability to obtain a relevant clinical
history
from a parent or an older child.
2. Student
will demonstrate his ability to perform adequate clinical
examination of a child of any age (including newborn).
3. Student
will be able to interpret clinical and laboratory data to arrive
at a
diagnosis.
4. Student
will be able to advise appropriate nutritional measures for
healthy
and sick children (Breast feeding, avoidance of bottle, proper
weaning)
5. Student
will be able to counsel the parents on health promotive and
disease
preventive strategies for the child e.g. immunization procedures;
hand
washing)
6. Student
will be able to recognize and manage common health
problems
of children.
7. Student
will recognize the danger signs of disease in children and be
able to
appropriately refer children with severe disease to appropriate
specialists/hospitals.
8. Student
will demonstrate his ability to perform essential clinical
procedures
relevant to children e.g.
§
Resuscitation of newborn.
§ Basic
cardio-pulmonary resuscitation.
§
Anthropometric measurements.
§
Measuring blood pressure
§ Starting
intravenous lines/ draw blood sample
§
Administration of oxygen therapy
§ Giving
nebulizer therapy [bronchodilator]
§ Use of
growth chart
OBSERVE
THE FOLLOWING SKILLS:
1. Lumbar
puncture
2. Bone
marrow aspiration
3. Supra
pubic puncture
4.
Subdural tap
5.
Thoracentesis
6.
Pericardiocentesis
7. Liver
biopsy
8. Renal
biopsy
9. Observe
passing of catheter
10.
Observe pericardial tap
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. Text
book of paediatrics by Pervaiz Akbar
2.
Essentials of Paediatrics by Nelson. Latest Edition.
3.
Online Journals and Reading Materials through HEC Digital Library
Facility |
Punjab
Medical College Faisalabad, Pakistan.
