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SYLLABUS
GUIDE FOR YEAR 2009
SYLLABUS
OF FIRST PROFESSIONAL M.B.B.S.
PART-I
SYLLABUS OF FIRST PROFESSIONAL M.B.B.S.
PART-II
SYLLABUS OF SECOND PROFESSIONAL M.B.B.S.
SYLLABUS OF THIRD PROFESSIONAL M.B.B.S.
SYLLABUS OF FOURTH PROFESSIONAL M.B.B.S.
SYLLABUS OF FIRST PROFESSIONAL
M.B.B.S.
PART-I
(A)
ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY
The course
outline is as follows:-
1. History
of anatomy and the different disciplines of the subject
2. Explain
anatomical nomenclature
GENERAL
ANATOMY
Skeletal System
1. Axial
skeleton
2.
Different bones of human body
3. Axial
and appendicular skeleton
4.
Functions of bone
5.
Classification on the basis of development, region and function
6. General
concepts of ossification of bones
7. Parts
of young bone
8. Blood
supply of long bones
9.
Anatomical factors in bone injury (clinical).
Joints
1.
Structural , regional and functional classification of joints
2.
Characteristics of synovial joints
3.
Classification of synovial joints
4.
Movements of synovial joints
5. Anatomy
of joints with reference to dislocation and injury (clinical).
Muscle
1. Parts
of a muscle
2.
Classification of muscle
3. Blood
supply and nerve supply of muscle
4. Anatomy
of the neuromuscular junction
5. Anatomy
of muscle with reference to sprain, spasm and injury
Cardiovascular System
1. The
cardiovascular system
2.
Arterial and venous system
Lymphatic System
1. Anatomy
of lymph node
Page 3
of 13
2. Anatomy
of lymph vessels
3.
Function of lymphatic system
Nervous
System
1. Nervous
system in general
2.
Different parts of nervous system and their functions
3.
Anatomical arrangements of the cranial and spinal nerves in general
4.
Autonomic nervous system
Skin
and Fascia
1. Brief
anatomy of the skin, superficial and deep fascia
GENERAL
HISTOLOGY
1. Cell as
a whole
2.
Different components of a cell and description of its functions
3. Anatomy
of cell membrane
4.
Different parts of a microscope and their function
5. Types
of epithelium and their anatomical location
6.
Connective tissues and its function
7.
Histological appearance of cartilage
8.
Histological appearance of bone
9.
Cartilage and bone
10.
Identification of connective tissue, cartilage and bone under microscope
11.
Histological features of muscle
12.
Identification of muscle tissues under microscope
13.
Histological features of central venous system
14.
Histological features of peripheral nerve and spinal cord
15.
Identification of nerve under microscope
16.
Histology of lymphoid tissue
17.
Identification of lymphoid tissue under microscope
18.
Histology of blood vessel
19.
Identification of blood vessel under microscope
20.
Histology of skin
21.
Identification of skin under microscope
GENERAL
EMBRYOLOGY
1. Male
and female reproductive organs
2. Cell
division and gametogenesis
Page 4
of 13
3.
Fertilization, cleavage, blastocyst formation and implantation of the embryo
4. Stages
of early embryonic development in second and third week of
intrauterine life
5.
Development of embryo and foetus
6. Foetal
membrane (amniotic cavity, yolk sac, allantois, umbilical cord and
placenta)
GENETICS
1. Basic
principles of genetics
2.
Structure and function of genes and DNA
3.
Relationship of genes and DNA
4.
Teratogenesis
GROSS
ANATOMY
The study
of gross anatomy must lay emphasis on applied anatomy as related to clinical
medicine
and surgery, radiological anatomy, surface anatomy and cross sectional
anatomy
Dissection, dissected specimens, models, and computer aided programs, x-rays
and CT scans can be used.
Upper
Limb
Duration
11 weeks
Lower
Limb
Duration
11 weeks
Thorax
Duration 7
weeks
Clinical Module
1. Common
developmental anomalies
2.
Clinical effects of nerve injuries of the upper limb
3.
Clinical effects of nerve injuries of the lower limb
4.
Clinical importance of coronary circulation
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1.
Gray’s Anatomy by Prof. Susan Standring 39th Ed., Elsevier.
2.
Clinical Anatomy for Medical Students by Richard S.Snell.
Page 5
of 13
3.
Clinically Oriented Anatomy by Keith Moore.
4.
Clinical Anatomy by R.J. Last, Latest Ed.
5.
Cunningham’s Manual of Practical Anatomy by G.J. Romanes, 15th Ed.,
Vol-I, II
and III.
6. The
Developing Human. Clinically Oriented Embryology by Keith L. Moore,
6th
Ed.
7.
Wheater’s Functional Histology by Young and Heath, Latest Ed.
8.
Medical Histology by Prof. Laiq Hussain.
9.
Neuroanatomy by Richard S.Snell.
(B)
PHYSIOLOGY
The course
outline is as follows:
BASIC
AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY
1.
Functional organization of human body
2.
Homeostasis
3. Control
systems in the body
4. Cell
membrane and its functions
5. Cell
organelles and their functions
6. Genes
--their control and function
Blood
1.
Composition and general functions of blood
2. Plasma
proteins their production and function
3.
Erythropoiesis and red blood cell function
4.
Structure, function, production and different types of haemoglobin
5. Iron
absorption storage and metabolism
6. Blood
indices
7.
Function, production and type of white blood cells
8.
Function and production of platelets
9.
Clotting mechanism of blood
10. Blood
groups and their role in blood transfusion
11.
Complications of blood transfusion with reference to ABO & RH
incompatibility
12.
Components of reticuloendothelial system their gross and microscopic
structure
including
(tonsil, lymph node and spleen)
13.
Development and function of reticuloendothelial system
Clinical Module
1. Anemia
and its different types
2. Blood
indices in various disorders
3.
Clotting disorders (Haemophilia etc.)
4. Blood
grouping and cross matching
5.
Immunity
Nerve
and Muscle
1.
Structure and function of neuron
2.
Physiological properties of nerve fibers
3.
Physiology of action potential
4.
Conduction of nerve impulse
5. Nerve
degeneration and regeneration
6.
Synapses
7.
Physiological structure of muscle
8.
Skeletal muscle contraction
9.
Skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle contraction
10.
Neuromuscular junction and transmission
11.
Excitation contraction coupling
12.
Structure and function of motor unit
Clinical Module
1. Perform
nerve conduction studies and explain their clinical importance
2.
Myopathies and neuropathies
3.
Peripheral nerve injuries
Cardiovascular System
1. Heart
and circulation
2.
Function of cardiac muscle
3. Cardiac
pacemaker and cardiac muscle contraction
4. Cardiac
cycle
5. ECG,
its recording and interpretation
6. Common
arrhythmias and its mechanism of development
7. Types
of blood vessels and their function
8.
Haemodynamics of blood flow (local control systemic circulation its
regulation
and
control)
9.
Peripheral resistance its regulation and effect on circulation
10.
Arterial pulse
11. Blood
pressure and its regulation
12.
Cardiac output and its control
13. Heart
sounds and murmurs
14.
Importance, circulation, and control of venous return
15.
Coronary circulation
16.
Splanchnic, pulmonary and cerebral circulation
17. Triple
response and cutaneous circulation
18. Foetal
circulation and circulatory changes at birth
Clinical Module
1.
Clinical significance of cardiac cycle, correlation of ECG and heart sounds
to
cardiac
cycle
2.
Clinical significance of cardiac cycle, interpretation of ischemia and
arrhythmias
3. Effects
of hypertension
4.
Clinical significance of heart sounds
5. Effects
of ischemia
6. Shock
Respiratory System
1.
Function of respiratory tract
2.
Respiratory and non-respiratory function of the lungs
3.
Mechanics of breathing
4.
Production & function of surfactant and compliance of lungs
5.
Protective reflexes
6. Lung
volumes and capacities including dead space
7.
Diffusion of gases across the alveolar membrane
8.
Relationship between ventilation and perfusion
9.
Mechanism of transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood
10.
Nervous and chemical regulation of respiration
11.
Abnormal breathing
12.
Hypoxia, its causes and effects
13.
Cyanosis, its causes and effects
Clinical Module
1.
Clinical importance of lung function tests
2. Causes
of abnormal ventilation and perfusion
3. Effects
on pneumothoax, pleural effusion, and pneumonia
4.
Respiratory failure
5.
Artificial respiration and uses & effects of O2 therapy
6.
Clinical significance of hypoxia, cyanosis, and dyspnoea
Skin
and Body Temperature Regulation
PHYSIOLOGY PRACTICALS
Haematology
1. Use of
the microscope
2.
Determination of haemoglobin
3.
Determination of erythrocyte sedimentation rate
4.
Determining packed cell volume
5.
Measuring bleeding and clotting time
6. RBC
count
7. Red
cell indices
8. WBC
count
Page 9
of 13
9.
Leukocyte count
10.
Prothrombin and thrombin time
Respiratory System
1.
Pulmonary volume, their capacities and clinical interpretation
Cardiovascular System
1.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (to be coordinated with the department of
medicine)
2.
Examination of arterial pulse
3. ECG
recording and interpretation
4.
Arterial blood pressure
5. Effects
of exercise and posture on blood pressure
6. Apex
beat and normal heart sounds
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1.
Textbook of Physiology by
Guyton and Hall, Latest Ed.
2.
Review of Medical Physiology
by William F. Ganong, Latest Ed.
3.
Physiology by Berne and Levy,
Latest Ed.
4.
Human Physiology: The Basis of Medicine
by Gillian Pocock,
Christopher D. Richards, Latest Ed.
5.
Physiological Basis of Medical Practice
by John B. West and Taylor,
12th Ed.
(C)
BIOCHEMISTRY
The course
outline is as follows:
Cell
Biochemistry
1.
Biochemical composition and functions of the cell
2. Cell
membranes and their chemical composition
3.
Importance of lipids and proteins in cell membranes
4.
Chemistry of signals and receptors
5.
Membrane transport including active transport, passive transport, simple and
facilitated diffusion
6. Methods
to study cell biochemistry
Acid
Base Balance and Body Fluids
1.
Ionization of water, week acids and bases
2. pH and
pH scale
3. pK
values, dissociation constant and titration curve of week acids
4. Body
buffers and their mechanism of action
5.
Henderson – Hesselbach equation
6. Acid
base regulation in human body
7.
Biochemical mechanisms for control of water and electrolyte balance
8. Types
of particles in solution
9.
Importance of selectively permeable membranes, osmosis and osmotic
pressure,
surface tension, viscosity also in relation to body fluids
Clinical Module
1. Acid
base control in clinical setting
Carbohydrates
1.
Carbohydrates, their biochemical function and classification
2.
Structure, functions and derivatives of monosaccharides
3.
Structure and function of oligosaccharides and disaccharides
4.
Polysaccharides and their biochemical role
5.
Biomedical importance of carbohydrates
Clinical Module
1.
Clinical importance of carbohydrates
Proteins
1.
Proteins and their biochemical importance
2.
Physicochemical , functional nutritional and structural properties of
proteins
3.
Structure, functions and properties of amino acids
4. Amino
acids and their nutritional significance
5.
Importance of amino acids in pH maintenance
6.
Separation of proteins, salting out, electrophoresis, chromatography and
centrifugation
7.
Immunoglobulins and their biochemical function
8. Plasma
proteins and their clinical function
Clinical Module
1.
Clinical importance of proteins and amino acids
2.
Clinical significance of immunoglobulins
3. Plasma
proteins in clinical practice
Nucleotide and Nucleic Acids
1.
Nucleotides and their biochemical role
2.
Structure, function and biochemical role of nucleotides
3.
Synthesis of purines and pyrimidines and their clinical role
4.
Structure, function and types of nucleic acids
Clinical Module
1.
Clinical significance of nucleic acids and nucleotides
Lipids
1.
Classification of lipids and their biochemical functions
2.
Structure and biochemical function of phospholipids, glycolpids, and
sphingolipids
3.
Classification of fatty acids and their biochemical functions
4.
Functions of essential fatty acids
5.
Eicosanoides and their function in health and disease
6.
Steroids and their biochemical role
7.
Cholesterol, its structure chemistry a nd function
8. Lipid
peroxidation and its significance
Clinical Module
1.
Clinical significance of lipids
2.
Clinical importance of steroids
Enzymes
1.
Classification/ Nomenclature
2. Enzymes
and catalysts
3.
Function of enzymes and catalysts
4.
Co-enzymes and co-factors
5. Iso-enzymes
and their clinical importance
6. Factors
affecting enzyme activity (Michaelis – Menten and Lineweaverbuk
equations)
7.
Classification of enzyme inhibitors and their biochemical importance
8.
Therapeutic use and application of enzymes in clinical diagnosis
Clinical Module
1.
Importance of enzyme in clinical practice
Haemoglobin
1.
Porphyrins and metabolism of haem
2.
Synthesis and structure of haemoglobin
3. Types
and function of haemoglobin
4.
O2 binding capacity of haemoglobin and factors regulating & affecting it
5.
Breakdown of haemoglobin, formation of bile pigments their transport and
excretion
6.
Biochemical causes of hyper-bilirubinaemia and differentiation between
different
types of jaundice
7. Causes
and types of haemoglobinopathies
8.
Porphyrias
Vitamins and Minerals
1.
Vitamins and their different types
2.
Classification of vitamins, their chemical structure & biochemical function
3.
Absorption of vitamins and minerals
4. Daily
requirements, sources of water and fat soluble vitamins
5. Effects
of vitamin deficiency
6. Role of
vitamins as co-enzymes
7.
Hypervitaminosis
8.
Minerals in human nutrition, sources, biochemical actions and recommended
daily
allowance (RDA).
9. Sodium,
potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur, iodine,
fluoride
etc.
10. Trace
elements as Fe, Zn, Se, I, Cu, Cr, Cd and Mn
Nutrition
1. Caloric
requirements of the body
2.
Balanced diet
3. Protein
energy malnutrition
4.
Marasmus
5.
Kwashiorkor
6.
Marasmic-kwashiorkor
7.
Nutritional requirements in:
§
Pregnancy
§
Lactation
§ New born
§
Nutritional disorders
BIOCHEMISTRY PRACTICALS
1.
Introduction to laboratory technique / equipment
2.
Preparation of solution / normal solution and normal saline
3.
Qualitative analysis on carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
4.
Chemical analysis of urine (normal and abnormal specimens)
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1.
Harper’s Biochemistry by
Robbert K. Murray, Daryl K. Granner, Peter A.
Mayes,
Victor W. Rodwell, Latest Ed.
2. Lippincott’s Illustrated Review of Biochemistry
by Pamela C. Champe and
Richard A.
Harvey, Latest Ed.
3.
Practical Clinical Biochemistry
by Varley.
4. Textbook of Biochemistry
by Devlin, 5th Ed.
5.
Textbook of Medical Biochemistry Vol-I and II
by M.A. Hashmi.
6.
Biochemistry by Stryer, Lubert,
Latest Ed.
|
Punjab
Medical College Faisalabad, Pakistan.
